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Islamda Allahtıń 99 atı

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Islamdaǵı Allahtıń atları (arabsha: أَسْمَاءُ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ, romanized: ʾasmāʾu llāhi l-ḥusnā, lit. '«Allahtıń kórkem atları»') – bul islam dinindegi Allahtıń qásiyetlerin óz ishine alǵan ismler bolıp[1][2][3][4][5][6] olardıń hár biri tiyisli atlar arqalı názerde tutıladı[7]. Ayırım atlar Qurannan yamasa hádisten belgili, basqaları bolsa hár eki derekten de tabılıwı múmkin, biraq olardıń kópshiligi Quranda ushırasadı[8].

Allāh - arabsha sóz bolıp, Ibrahim dinlerinde Qudayǵa tiyisli[9][10][11], «quday» mánisin ańlatıwshı «al-ilāh» sózinen qısqartırıp alınǵanlıǵı názerde tutılǵan[12], yaǵniy, jalǵız quday hám Qudaydıń ibraniy hám aramey tillerindegi El hám Elax sózleri menen baylanıslı[13][14]. Allahtı Qudaydıń jeke atı dep esaplaw múmkin be yamasa joq pa, házirgi zaman iliminde tartıslı másele bolıp tabıladı[15]. Islam dininde qollanılıwı hám úgit-násiyatlanıwı boyınsha Allah - qudaydıń eń ózine tán atı[16] hám «Lafẓ al-Jalālah» (Ullı sóz) dep atalǵan. Allah qudaydıń jeke atı dep esaplaǵanlar bul attıń jasalma at ekenligin de biykarlaydı. Ayırım musılmanlar «Allah» sıyaqlı hár qıylı atlardı qollanıwı múmkin, máselen, Rabb, Rahman yamasa tek ǵana «Quday». Quranda Allahtıń sıpatları «eń gózzal ismler» menen atalǵan[17][18].

Olardıń sanı dástúriy túrde 99 dep esaplanıp, olarǵa eń joqarı ism (al-ism al-ʾaʿẓam) - Qudaydıń Joqarı ismi qosıladı. Quran túsindirmesi ádebiyatında Ilahiy ismlerdi sanap ótiw ushın tiykarǵı derek (locus classicus) sıpatında isra súresi 17:110 ayat keltiriledi: «Allah yamasa Rahim dep shaqırıń; qaysı at penen shaqırsańız da, eń gózzal atlar Allahtiki». Sonday-aq, Hashr súresi 59:22-24-ayatları da áhmiyetli derek bolıp, onda onlap ilahiy qásiyetler (epitetler) keltirilgen"

— Gerhard Böwering, Quday hám Qudaydıń káramatları[19]

Bul atlar, musılmanlardıń isenimine kóre, Allahtıń maqtalıwı, shúkir etiliwi, ullılanıwı, tájim etiliwi, onıń kámil qásiyetleri, ullı hám aybatlı qásiyetleri, sonday-aq, hikmet, rahmet, máp hám ádillikke baylanıslı ámellerin bildiredi. Bul atlar namazlarda (salah), duwalarda (duʿā) hám zikirde (zikr) musılmanlar tárepinen tez-tez tilge alınadı, sebebi olar úlken ruwxıy hám dogmatikalıq áhmiyetke iye bolıp, musılmanlar ushın Allah penen baylanıs quralı sanalanadı. Bul atlardıń arabsha atamalarınan tısqarı, arab bolmaǵan musılman xalıqlar da geyde Allahtı óz tillerindegi atlar menen ataydı. Máselen, parsı, bengal hám urdu tillerinde «Khuda», osmanlı túrkler tilinde bolsa «Tangri yamasa Tengri» sózi Allah atınıń ekvivalenti sıpatında qollanılǵan[20].

Sufizmde, kóbinese, islamnıń ishki, sırlı (mistikalıq) hám sufizm tárepi sıpatında táriyiplenedi - Hu / Huwa sózi ápiwayı «Ol» degen mánisti ańlatadı. Persi tilindegi Párwardigar sózi de Qudaydıń atlarınan biri. Hu sózi Allah sóziniń aqırǵı háribinen kelip shıqqan bolıp, gáp ortasında kelgende Allahu túrinde oqıladı hám kóplegen ayatlarda ushırasadı. Máselen, «La ilaha illa Hu» Al Imran:18. Wahdat al-wujūd talqılawına muwapıq, pútkil barlıq Qudaydıń - absolyut bolmıstıń - atlarınıń kórinisi (tásiri) bolıp, ol haqıyqıy ǵárezsiz barlıqqa iye emes, al tek kórinis hám elesler bolıp tabıladı. Haydar Amuliy bul máselede hátte Shaytan sıyaqlı jawız jánlikler de Qudaydıń jaláliy (qúdiretli) atlarınıń kórinisi ekenligin atap ótken[21].

Óz ara baylanıslar hám awdarma

[redaktorlaw | derekti redaktorlaw]

Islam mádeniyatında Qudayǵa baylanıstırılǵan ayırım atlar túsiniwde jeke qudaydan ulıwma hám tolıq qudayǵa ótiwde[22] mashqalalardı keltirip shıǵaratuǵın atlar bolıp tabıladı[23]. ٱلْعَظِيمُ (al-ʿAẓīm), sózbe-sóz «ol súyeginde ullı edi yamasa ullı boldı» degen mánisti, al keyin ala awıspalı túrde «ullı» bolǵan hár qanday nársege aytıladı[24]. Usı atlardı basqa tillerge awdarma jasaǵanda tanzih, yaǵnıy Qudaydı tolıq (mutlaq) tárizde túsindiriwge bolǵan urınıwlar, tómendegi mısallarda da kórinedi: al-Mutakabbir (maqtanıwshı)[25], al-Jalīl (ǵázepli), al-Muntaqim (ósh alıwshı) hám at-Tawwāb (qaytıwshı).

Islam sózi Qudaydı Onıń jaratqanlarına teńlestiriwdi ańlatatuǵın táriyp hám ańlatpalardı biykarlaydı, sebebi Ol Óz káramatlarınıń hesh birinde jaratqanlarına teńlestiriliwi múmkin emes. Biraq, bul atlardıń kópshiligi salıstırmalı túrde - «eń...» túrinde awdarma jasalǵanlıǵı baqlanadı. Máselen, Allāhu ʾAkbar (arabsha: اللّٰهُ أَكْبَر [ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hu ʔak.bar] - sózbe-sóz: «Quday eń ullı»), bul atama islam uranı sıpatında da qollanıladı. Islam teologiyasında shirk túsinigi Qudaydıń erki hám ámellerinde hár qanday sheriklikti biykarlawdı ańlatadı hám onıń qásiyetlerin jaratılıslarınıń qásiyetlerine uqsatatuǵın hám de olardı sheklengen dep kóretuǵın túsiniklerdi óz ishine aladı.

Atlar dizimi

[redaktorlaw | derekti redaktorlaw]

Hár qıylı derekler 99 attıń túrli dizimlerin keltiredi. Eń belgili dizim al-Valid ibn Muslim ráwiyat qılǵan Jámiy at-Termiziy (IX ásir) shıǵarmasında ushırasatuǵın dizimge tiykarlanǵan[26]. Biraq, at-Termiziy óz dizimine túsinik berip, bılay deydi: «Bul hádistiń (usı nusqası) gárip (ózgeshe); ol Abu Hurayra arqalı túrli jollar menen ráwiyat etilgen, biraq biz atlar kóplep tilge alınatuǵın ráwiyatlardıń usısınan basqasın bilmeymiz». Basqa hádislerde, máselen, al-Buxariy, Sahih Muslim, Ibn Maja, al-Hakim at-Termiziy yamasa Ibn ʿAsākir rawayatlarında túrlishe dizimler bar. Dáslepki musılman mufassirlerinen bir qanshaları, atap aytqanda, Jafar as-Sadıq, Sufyan ibn 'Uyayna, Ibn Hazm, al-Qurtubiy hám Ibn Hajar al-Asqalaniy da 99 attı óz versiyalarında keltirgen.

al-Termiziy dizimi

[redaktorlaw | derekti redaktorlaw]
PronunciationClassical Arabic

(Quranic/ classical written forms)[27]

 Romanization TranslationQuranic Reference

1ⓘ		 اَلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ar-Raḥmān Merciful/[28] The Beneficent/ All-Compassionate/ Gracious/Quran: 113 times paired with ar-Rahīm at beginning of Surahs (chapters), and 55 additional places mostly by itself/ unpaired.
2ⓘاَلرَّحِيْمُ ar-Raḥīm The Merciful / Merciful / Clement.[28]Quran: 113 times paired with ar-Rahmān at beginning of Surahs (chapters), and 115 additional places often paired with al-Ghafūr, at-Tawwāb, ar-Raʾūf
3ⓘاَلْمَلِكُ al-Malik The King/ Sovereign/ Dominion/ Possessor (of the Throne of God).[29] [Quran 59:23], 59:23, 20:114, 23:116
4ⓘاَلْقُدُّوسُ al-Quddūs The Holy/ All-Holy/ All-Pure/ Sacred/ All-Sacred[Quran 62:1]
5ⓘٱلسَّلَامُ as-Salām Peace/ Calm/ Ever-Tranquil[Quran 59:23]
6ⓘٱلْمُؤْمِنُ al-Muʾmin The Granter of Security/ the Giver / Believer / All-Assurer[Quran 59:23]
7ⓘٱلْمُهَيْمِنُal-MuhayminThe Controller/ Absolute Authority Over All/ Guardian Over All/ Absolute Master/ Eternal Dominating[Quran 59:23]
8ⓘٱلْعَزِيزُ al-ʿAzīz The Exalted in Might and Power/ Exalted/ Powerful/ Almighty/ Mighty[Quran 4:158],[Quran 9:40], [Quran 48:7], [Quran 59:23]... often paired as al-Aziz al-Hakim, 2:1293:6,3:18,3:62, 5:11814:4

57:1,59:160:5,61:1, 62:3, and al-Aziz al-Rahim,26:9,30:5,32:6,44:42

9ⓘٱلْجَبَّارُ al-Jabbār The Omnipotent/ Supreme Power/ Possessor of Having All Power/ Strong[Quran 59:23]
10ⓘٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ al-MutakabbirArrogant / Justly Proud by himself[30][Quran 59:23]
11ⓘٱلْخَالِقُ al-Khāliq The Creator/ Creator of the Universe/ Maker/ True Originator/ Absolute Author[Quran 6:102], [Quran 13:16], [Quran 36:81], [Quran 40:62], [Quran 59:24]
12ⓘٱلْبَارِئُ al-Bāriʾ The Initiator/ Evolver/ Eternal Spirit Worshipped By All, Have Absolute Power Over All Matters, Nature and Events[Quran 59:24]
13ⓘٱلْمُصَوِّرُ al-Muṣawwir The Fashioner/ Shaper/ Designer/ Artist[Quran 59:24]
14ⓘٱلْغَفَّارُ al-Ghaffār The Repeatedly Forgiving/ Absolute Forgiver/ Pardoner/ Condoner

[He Who is Ready to Pardon and Forgive]

 [Quran 38:66], [Quran 39:5], [Quran 40:42], [Quran 71:10]
15ⓘٱلْقَهَّارُ al-Qahhār The Subduer/ Overcomer/ Conqueror/ Absolute Vanquisher

[Possessor of Who Subdues Evil and Oppression]

 12:39, 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4, 40:16
16ⓘٱلْوَهَّابُ al-Wahhāb The Absolute Bestower/ Giver/ Grantor/ Great Donor38:9, 38:35
17ⓘٱلرَّزَّاقُ ar-Razzāq The Provider/ Sustainer/ Bestower of Sustenance/ All-Provider51:58
18ⓘٱلْفَتَّاحُ al-Fattāḥ The Opener/ Opener of the Gates of Profits/ Reliever/ The Victory Giver34:26
19ⓘٱلْعَلِيمُ al-ʿAlīm The Knowing/ All-Knower/ Omniscient/ All-Knowledgeable/ Possessor of Knowing Much of Ever Thing/ All-Knowing2:158, 3:92, 4:35, 24:41, 33:40
20ⓘٱلْقَابِضُ al-Qābiḍ The Restrainer/ Withholder/ Straightener/ Absolute Seizer2:245
21ⓘٱلْبَاسِطُ al-Bāsiṭ The Extender/ Expander/ Generous Provider2:245
22ⓘٱلْخَافِضُ al-Khāfiḍ The Abaser/ Humiliator/ Downgrader [Possessor of Giving Comfort, Free from Pain Anxiety or Troubles]56:3; al-Kafʿamī (1992:38)
23ⓘٱلرَّافِعُ ar-Rāfiʿ The Exalter/ Upgrader [of Ranks]58:11, 6:83
24ⓘٱلْمُعِزُّal-Muʿizz The Giver of Honor/ Bestower of Honor/ Empowerer3:26
25ⓘٱلْمُذِلُّ al-Muḏill The Giver of Dishonor/ the Giver of Disgrace3:26
26ⓘٱلسَّمِيعُ as-Samīʿ The Hearing/ All-Hearing/ Hearer of Invocation2:127, 2:256, 8:17, 49:1
27ⓘٱلْبَصِيرُ al-Baṣīr The All-Seeing/ All-Seer/ Ever-Clairvoyant/ Clear-Sighted/ Clear-Seeing4:58, 17:1, 42:11, 42:27
28ⓘٱلْحَكَمُ al-ḤakamThe Judge/ Arbitrator/ Arbiter/ All-Decree/ Possessor of Authority of Decisions and Judgment22:69
29ⓘٱلْعَدْلُ al-ʿAdlThe Just/ Authorized and Straightforward Judge of Dealing Justly6:115
30ⓘٱللَّطِيفُ al-Laṭīf The Gentle/ Benignant/ Subtly Kind/ All-Subtle22:63, 31:16, 33:34
31ⓘٱلْخَبِيرُ al-Khabīr The All-Aware/ Well-Acquainted/ Ever-Adept6:18, 17:30, 49:13, 59:18
32ⓘٱلْحَلِيمُ al-Ḥalīm The Forbearing/ Indulgent/ Oft Forbearing/ All-Enduring2:235, 17:44, 22:59, 35:41
33ⓘٱلْعَظِيمُ al-ʿAẓīm The Most Great/ Ever-Magnificent/ Most Supreme/ Exalted/ Absolute Dignified2:255, 42:4, 56:96
34ⓘٱلْغَفُورُ al-Ghafūr The Ever-Forgiving/ Oft-Forgiving2:173, 8:69, 16:110, 41:32
35ⓘٱلشَّكُورُ ash-Shakūr The Grateful/ Appreciative/ Multiplier of Rewards35:30, 35:34, 42:23, 64:17
36ⓘٱلْعَلِيُّ al-ʿAliyy The Sublime/ Ever-Exalted/ Supreme/ Most High/ Most Lofty4:34, 31:30, 42:4, 42:51 34:23
37ⓘٱلْكَبِيرُ al-Kabīr The Great/ Ever-Great/ Grand/ Most Great/ Greatly Abundant of Extent, Capacity and Importance13:9, 22:62, 31:30, 34:23
38ⓘٱلْحَفِيظُ al-Ḥafīz The Preserver/ Ever-Preserving/ All-Watching/ Protector/ Guardian/ Oft-Conservator11:57, 34:21, 42:6
39ⓘٱلْمُقِيتُ al-Muqīt The Nourisher/ Feeder4:85
40ⓘٱلْحَسِيبُ al-Ḥasīb The Bringer of Judgment/ Ever-Reckoner [the One Who Takes Account of All Matters]4:6, 4:86, 33:39
41ⓘٱلْجَلِيلُ al-Jalīl The Majestic/ Exalted/ Oft-Important/ Splendid55:27, 7:143
42ⓘٱلْكَرِيمُ al-Karīm The Noble/ Bountiful/ Generous/ Precious/ Honored/ Benefactor27:40, 82:6
43ⓘٱلرَّقِيبُ ar-Raqīb The Watchful/ Observer/ Ever-Watchful/ Watcher4:1, 5:117
44ⓘٱلْمُجِيبُ al-Mujīb The Responsive/ Answerer/ Supreme Answerer/ Accepter of Invocation11:61
45ⓘٱلْوَاسِعُ al-Wāsiʿ The Vast/ All-Embracing/ Omnipresent/ Boundless/ All-Encompassing2:268, 3:73, 5:54
46ⓘٱلْحَكِيمُ al-Ḥakīm The Wise/ Ever-Wise/ Endowed with Sound Judgment97 times, often paired, mostly al-Aziz al-Hakim, 2:129,3:6,3:18,3:625:11814:431:27,46:2, 57:1,59:1, 60:5, 61:1, 62:3, and al-Aleem al-Hakim,12:6, 22:52, 48:4, 49:8, 60:10, 66:2
47ⓘٱلْوَدُودُ al-Wadūd The Affectionate/ Ever-Affectionate/ Loving One/ Loving/ the Lover/ the One Who Tenders and Warm Hearts11:90, 85:14
48ⓘٱلْمَجِيدُ al-Majīd The All-Glorious/ Majestic/ Ever-Illustrious

[Oft-Brilliant in Dignity, Achievements or Actions]

 11:73
49ⓘٱلْبَاعِثُ al-Bāʿiṯ The Resurrector/ Awakener/ Arouser/ Dispatcher22:7
50ⓘٱلشَّهِيدُ ash-Shahīd The Witness/ Testifier/ Ever-Witnessing4:166, 22:17, 41:53, 48:28
51ⓘٱلْحَقُّ al-ḤaqqThe Truth/ Reality/ the Only One Certainly Sound and Genuine in Truth6:62, 22:6, 23:116, 24:25
52ⓘٱلْوَكِيلُ al-Wakīl The Trustee, The Dependable, The Advocate3:173, 4:171, 28:28, 73:9
53ⓘٱلْقَوِيُّal-Qawiyy The Strong22:40, 22:74, 42:19, 57:25
54ⓘٱلْمَتِينُ al-Matīn The Firm, The Steadfast51:58
55ⓘٱلْوَلِيُّal-Waliyy The Friend, Helper4:45, 7:196, 42:28, 45:19
56ⓘٱلْحَمِيدُ al-Ḥamīd The All Praiseworthy14:8, 31:12, 31:26, 41:42
57ⓘٱلْمُحْصِىُ al-Muḥsīy The Accounter, The Numberer of All72:28, 78:29
58ⓘٱلْمُبْدِئُ al-Mubdiʾ The Originator, The Producer, The Initiator10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13
59ⓘٱلْمُعِيدُ al-Muʿīd The Restorer, The Reinstater Who Brings Back All10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13
60ⓘٱلْمُحْيِي al-Muḥyē The Giver of Life7:158, 15:23, 30:50, 57:2
61ⓘٱلْمُمِيتُ al-Mumīt The Bringer of Death3:156, 7:158, 15:23, 57:2
62ⓘٱلْحَىُّal-ḤayyThe Living2:255, 3:2, 20:111, 25:58, 40:65
63ⓘٱلْقَيُّومُ al-Qayyūm The Subsisting, The Independent2:255, 3:2, 20:111
64ⓘٱلْوَاجِدُ al-Wājid The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing38:44
65ⓘٱلْمَاجِدُ al-Mājid The Illustrious, The Magnificent, The Glorious85:15, 11:73; al-Kafʿamī (1992:48)
66ⓘٱلْوَاحِدُ al-Wāḥid The Unique, The Single13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4
67ⓘٱلْأَحَدُal-ʾAḥad The One, The Indivisible112:1
68ⓘٱلصَّمَدُaṣ-Ṣamad The Eternal, The Absolute, The Self-Sufficient112:2
69ⓘٱلْقَادِرُ al-Qādir The All-Powerful, He Who is able to do Everything6:65, 46:33, 75:40
70ⓘٱلْمُقْتَدِرُal-MuqtadirThe Determiner, The Dominant18:45, 54:42, 6:65
71ⓘٱلْمُقَدِّمُal-MuqaddimThe Expediter, He Who Brings Forward16:61
72ⓘٱلْمُؤَخِّرُal-Muʾakhkhir The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away71:4
73ⓘٱلْأَوَّلُal-ʾAwwalThe First, The Beginning-less57:3
74ⓘاَلْآخِرُ al-ʾÃkhir The Last, The Endless57:3
75ⓘٱلظَّاهِرُ aẓ-Ẓāhir The Manifest, The Evident, The Outer57:3
76ⓘٱلْبَاطِنُ al-Bāṭin The Hidden, The Unmanifest, The Inner57:3
77ⓘٱلْوَالِي al-Wāliy The Patron, The Protecting Friend, The Friendly Lord13:11
78ⓘٱلْمُتَعَالِي al-Mutʿāliy The Supremely Exalted, The Most High13:9
79ⓘٱلْبَرُّal-BarrThe Good, The Beneficent52:28
80ⓘٱلتَّوَّابُ at-Tawwāb The Ever-Returning, Ever-Relenting2:128, 4:64, 49:12, 110:3
81ⓘٱلْمُنْتَقِمُal-MuntaqimThe Avenger32:22, 43:41, 44:16
82ⓘاَلْعَفُوُّ al-ʿAfuww The Pardoner, The Effacer, The Forgiver4:43, 4:99, 4:149, 22:60, 58:2
83ⓘاَلرَّؤُوفُ ar-Raʾūf The Kind, The Pitying9:117, 57:9, 59:10
84ⓘمَـٰلِكُ ٱلْمُلْكِ Mālik-ul-mulk The Owner of all Sovereignty3:26
85ⓘذُو ٱلْجَلَالِ وَٱلْإِكْرَامُ Ḏū l-Jalāli wa l-ʾIkrām The Owner, Lord of Majesty and Honour55:27, 55:78
86ⓘاَلْمُقْسِطُal-Muqsiṭ The Equitable, The Requiter3:18,5:42,57:25,5:42
87ⓘاَلْجَامِعُ al-Jāmiʿ The Gatherer, The Unifier3:9
88ⓘٱلْغَنيُّ al-Ghāniyy The Rich, The Independent39:7, 47:38, 57:24
89ⓘاَلْمُغْنِيُّ al-Mughniyy The Enricher, The Emancipator9:28
90ⓘاَلْمَانِعُ al-Māniʿ The Preventer, The Withholder, The Shielder, The DefenderSee al-Kafʿamī (1992:61)
91ⓘاَلضَّارُ aḍ-Ḍār The Distressor, The Harmer, The Afflictor6:1758:10; al-Kafʿamī (1992:58)
92ⓘاَلنَّافِعُ an-Nāfiʿ The Propitious, The Benefactor, The Source of Good30:37
93ⓘاَلنُّورُ an-Nūr The Light24:35
94ⓘاَلْهَادِي al-Hādī The Guide, The Way22:54
95ⓘاَلْبَدِيعُ al-Badīʿ The Originator, The Incomparable, The Unattainable, The Beautiful2:117, 6:101
96ⓘاَلْبَاقِي al-Bāqī The Immutable, The Infinite, The Everlasting55:27; al-Kafʿamī (1992:64)
97ⓘاَلْوَارِثُ al-Wāriṯ The Heir, The Inheritor of All15:23, 57:10
98ⓘاَلرَّشِيدُ ar-Rashīd The Guide to the Right Path11:87 (Used Not referring to Allah)
99ⓘاَلصَّبُورُ aṣ-Ṣabūr The Timeless, The Patient2:153, 3:200, 103:3

Joqarıda keltirilgen at-Termiziy dizimine tiykarlanıp, dáliyli joq atlardı sheyx Abd al-Muhsin al-Abbad, sheyx Ibn Usaymin hám basqalar tómendegishe atap ótken:

Derekler

[redaktorlaw | derekti redaktorlaw]
  1. ↑ ALLAH'S MOST BEAUTIFUL NAMES: اسماء الله الحسنى [انكليزي] (En). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah, 2014 — 25 bet. ISBN 978-2745154811. „...Name "Rahman" and the characteristic it carries.“ 
  2. ↑ Four Wise Men. BoD – Books on Demand, 2018 — 240 bet. ISBN 9780718895228. „... attributes, which name certain qualities that assist in appropriately orienting the mind toward god.“ 
  3. ↑ M. Saifudin Hakim. «Sifat Allah: Apakah Hanya Tujuh atau Dua Puluh? (Bag. 3)» [The Attributes of God: Only Seven or Twenty? (Part 3)] (Id). muslim.or.id. Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Al-Atsari (YPIA) Al-Atsari Islamic Education Foundation (9-aprel 2018-jıl). Qaraldı: 19-avgust 2024-jıl. References from:
  4. ↑ Muhammad Al-Munajjid. «هل (الحنان) من صفات الله ؟» [Is al-Hannan one of God's attributes?] (Ar). Islamqa.info (2019). — „Fatawa Noor ‘ala al-Darb; Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal (3/11), and Tafsir al-Tabari (16/113). “Attributes of God Almighty contained in the Qur’an and Sunnah”; Fatwa of Council of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia) (24/172)“. Qaraldı: 19-avgust 2024-jıl.
  5. ↑ Onomastics between Sacred and Profane (En). Vernon Press, 2019 — 6 bet. ISBN 978-1622734016. „... attributes, postulating that a name is different from naming“ 
  6. ↑ Tuntunan Tanya-Jawab Akidah, Shalat, Zakat, Puasa, dan Haji (Id). Darul Falah, 2019 — 72 bet. ISBN 978-979-3036-66-3. 
  7. ↑ Kayinath: For Literature and Philanthropy. Notion Press, 2023. ISBN 9798888839706. „...ninety-nine names of God, mentioned in the Quran. Allah's names imply his attributes....“ 
  8. ↑ Morgan, Diane. Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. ABC-CLIO, 2010 — 10 bet. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1. 
  9. ↑ «God». Islam: Empire of Faith. PBS. 27-mart 2014-jılda túp nusqadan arxivlendi. Qaraldı: 18-dekabr 2010-jıl.
  10. ↑ "Islam and Christianity", Encyclopedia of Christianity (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as Allāh.
  11. ↑ Gardet, L.. "Allah". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E. et al.. Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Brill Online. http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/allah-COM_0047.<!--->
  12. ↑ Silteme kórsetiwdegi qátelik: Жарамсыз <ref> тегі; no text was provided for refs named EncyclopediaofIslam
  13. ↑ Zeki Saritoprak (2006). "Allah". In Oliver Leaman. The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 34. ISBN 9780415326391. https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&q=ilah.<!--->
  14. ↑ Vincent J. Cornell (2005). "God: God in Islam". In Lindsay Jones. Encyclopedia of Religion. 5 (2nd ed.). MacMillan Reference USA. p. 724.
  15. ↑ Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London ISBN 978-0-19-870206-1 p. 478
  16. ↑ It is generally accepted that the word is not derived from any root and does not carry a dictionary meaning and constitutes the proper name of the real god, or even if it has a dictionary meaning, it loses this meaning when it becomes the name of the real god./Kelimenin herhangi bir kökten türemiş olmayıp sözlük mânası taşımadığı ve gerçek mâbudun özel adını teşkil ettiği, yahut sözlükte bir anlamı olsa bile gerçek mâbuda ad olunca bu anlamı kaybettiği genellikle benimsenmektedir. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/allah
  17. ↑ Quran 7:180, Quran 17:110, Quran 20:8, Quran 59:24
  18. ↑ «Names of God - Oxford Islamic Studies Online» (en). oxfordislamicstudies.com. — „Encouraged by the Quran (7:180; 17:110; 20:8), Muslims selected ninety-nine attributes of God, describing his perfection, from the Quran and traditions. Referred to as "the most beautiful names of God," they describe a range of characteristics that balances the power of God (the Creator, the Sovereign, and the All-Knowing) with his love and mercy (the All-Loving, the Most Gracious, and the All-Forgiving). The names are frequently memorized and used in supplications. Preceded by the words Abd or Amat (male or female servant), they are often used in proper names (e.g., Abd al-Rahman, "servant of the Merciful").“. 13-avgust 2018-jılda túp nusqadan arxivlendi. Qaraldı: 13-avgust 2018-jıl.
  19. ↑ Böwering, Gerhard "God and God Attributes". Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.
  20. ↑  Eliot, Charles Norton Edgcumbe (1911) "Turks" in Chisholm, Hugh Encyclopædia Britannica 27 (11shı ed.) Cambridge University Press p. 472
  21. ↑ Ayman Shihadeh: Sufism and Theology. Hrsg.: Edinburgh University Press. 21. November 2007, ISBN 978-0-7486-3134-6, pp. 54–56.
  22. ↑ Williams 2002.
  23. ↑ Ibraximiy dinleriniń muqaddes jazıwlarında Quday jeke jaratıwshı sıpatında súwretlenedi, birinshi shaxsta sóyleydi hám ashıw hám maqtanısh sıyaqlı sezimlerdi kórsetedi, geyde bolsa antropomorfik formada payda boladı. Williams, W. Wesley, "A study of anthropomorphic theophany and Visio Dei in the Hebrew Bible, the Quran and early Sunni Islam", University of Michigan, March 2009
  24. ↑ https://quranx.com/Dictionaries/%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85
  25. ↑ Ol ózin ullıladı; ór kókirek, menmen yamasa biyádep bolıw. https://quranx.com/Dictionaries/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1
  26. ↑ al-Jawziyya, Ibn Qayyim. Ranks of the Divine Seekers: A Parallel English-Arabic Text. Volume 1 (en). BRILL, 6 May 2020. ISBN 978-90-04-41341-2. 
  27. ↑ Please note the written Arabic spelling of the names written in Arabic in the table are in the vowelled Classical/Quranic form (proper = in the Quran and Ahādith) with the square bracketed "[.]" variant of the written Arabic forms given in common or modern texts—usually in media, some long vowels and punctuations are omitted for the easier typing and reading.
  28. 1 2 Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 1 (Part 1): Al-Fatihah 1 to Al-Baqarah 141 2nd Edition (En). MSA Publication Limited, 2013 — XXIV bet. ISBN 978-1861798268. „Exegesis of Al-Tabari and Al-Qurtubi with the reference material from a Hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi transmitted by Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf.“ 
  29. ↑ Al-Bayhaqi (1999, ss. 55, 101)
  30. ↑ He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently https://quranx.com/Dictionaries/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1
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